Ingxelo yoPhando oluNzulu kuShishino lokuGcinwa kwaMandla: uPhononongo kunye nombono

1.1 Utshintsho: IiNkqubo zoMbane oMtsha zihlangabezana nemingeni

Kwinkqubo ye "carbon dual", ubungakanani bomoya kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla elanga kukhula ngokukhawuleza.Ulwakhiwo lonikezelo lwamandla luya kuguquguquka ngokuthe ngcembe ngenkqubo “yekhabhoni emibini”, kwaye isabelo sobonelelo lombane ongeyiyo ifosili siya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza.Okwangoku, iChina isathembele kakhulu kumandla obushushu.Ngo-2020, ukuveliswa kombane oshushu wase-China kwafikelela kwi-5.33 yetriliyoni kWh, ebalelwa kwi-71.2%;Umyinge wokuveliswa kombane yi-7.51%.

Ukukhawuleza kwamandla omoya kunye nokudibanisa igridi ye-photovoltaic kubangela imingeni kwiinkqubo ezintsha zamandla.Iiyunithi zamandla e-thermal eziqhelekileyo ziyakwazi ukucinezela amandla angalinganiyo okubangelwa utshintsho kwimodi yokusebenza okanye umthwalo ngexesha lokusebenza kwegridi, kwaye ube nokuzinza okunamandla kunye nokuchasana nokuphazamiseka.Ngokuqhubela phambili kwenkqubo "yekhabhoni ezimbini", umlinganiselo womoya kunye namandla elanga ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukwakhiwa kweenkqubo zamandla amatsha kujongene nemingeni emininzi.

I-1) Amandla omoya ane-randomness eyomeleleyo kwaye imveliso yayo ibonisa iimpawu zomthwalo oguqukayo.Olona tshintsho luphezulu lwemihla ngemihla lwamandla omoya lunokufikelela kwi-80% yomthamo ofakiweyo, kwaye ukuguquguquka okungacwangciswanga kwenza amandla omoya angakwazi ukuphendula kukungalingani kwamandla kwisixokelelwano.Incopho yemveliso yamandla omoya ikakhulu ekuseni, kwaye imveliso iphantsi ukusuka kusasa ukuya ngokuhlwa, kunye neempawu ezibalulekileyo zomthwalo obuyela umva.
2) Ixabiso lokuguquguquka kwemveliso ye-photovoltaic yemihla ngemihla inokufikelela kwi-100% yomthamo ofakiweyo.Ukuthatha ummandla waseCalifornia eUnited States njengomzekelo, ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwe-photovoltaic efakwe kwi-photovoltaic inyuse imfuno yokucheba ngokukhawuleza kweminye imithombo yamandla kwinkqubo yamandla, kunye nexabiso lokuguquguquka kwemveliso ye-photovoltaic yemihla ngemihla inokufikelela kwi-100%.
Iimpawu ezine ezisisiseko zenkqubo entsha yamandla: Inkqubo entsha yamandla ineempawu ezine ezisisiseko:

I-1) Idityaniswe ngokubanzi: ukwenza iqonga lothungelwano lonxibelelwano olunamandla, olunokuthi lufezekise ukuhambelana kwexesha lonyaka, umoya, amanzi kunye nohlengahlengiso lomlilo, imbuyekezo yengingqi enqamlezileyo kunye nolawulo, kunye nokufezekisa ukwabelana kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa amandla;
I-2) Ukusebenzisana okuhlakaniphile: ukudibanisa iteknoloji yonxibelelwano yanamhlanje kunye namandla ombane Ukuhlangana kwezobuchwepheshe ukwakha igridi yamandla ibe yinkqubo yokuqonda kakhulu, indlela ezimbini kunye neyobuchule;
I-3) I-Flexible kunye ne-flexible: Igridi yamandla kufuneka ikwazi ngokupheleleyo ukulawula i-peak kunye ne-frequency, ifezekise iimpawu eziguquguqukayo kunye neziguquguqukayo, kunye nokuphucula amandla okuchasana nokuphazamiseka;
4) Ikhuselekile kwaye iyalawuleka: ukufezekisa ukwandiswa okulungelelanisiweyo kwamanqanaba ombane we-AC kunye ne-DC, ukuthintela ukusilela kwenkqubo kunye nemingcipheko emikhulu.

1.2 Qhuba: Imfuno yamacala amathathu iqinisekisa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo logcino lwamandla
Kuhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yamandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyadingeka kwii-loop nodes ezininzi, ukwenza isakhiwo esitsha "sokugcina amandla +".Kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo yezixhobo zokugcina amandla kwicala lonikezelo lwamandla, kwicala legridi, kunye necala lomsebenzisi.
I-1) Icala lamandla: Ukugcinwa kwamandla kungasetyenziswa kwiinkonzo ezincedisayo zokulawula ukuphindaphinda kwamandla, imithombo yamandla egciniweyo, ukuguquguquka kwemveliso egudileyo, kunye nezinye iimeko zokusombulula iingxaki zokungazinzi kwegridi kunye nokulahlwa kwamandla okubangelwa ngumoya kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla elanga.
2) Icala legridi: Ukugcinwa kwamandla kunokuthatha inxaxheba ekuchebeni okuphezulu kunye nokulawulwa rhoqo kwegridi yamandla, ukunciphisa ukuxinana kwezixhobo zokuhambisa, ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, ukuphucula umgangatho wamandla, njl. .
I-3) Icala lomsebenzisi: Abasebenzisi banokuxhobisa izixhobo zokugcina amandla ukugcina iindleko ngokusebenzisa i-peak shaving kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo, ukuseka imithombo yamandla yokulondoloza ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwamandla, kunye nokuphuhlisa imithombo yamandla eselula kunye neyongxamiseko.

Icala lamandla: Ugcino lwamandla lunesikali esikhulu sesicelo kwicala lamandla.Ukusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lamandla kubandakanya ukuphuculwa kweempawu zegridi yamandla, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkonzo ezincedisayo, ukuhambisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinana, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso.Ingqwalasela yobonelelo lwamandla ikakhulu kukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwemfuno yothungelwano lwamandla, ukuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa okugudileyo kwamandla omoya namandla elanga.

Icala legridi: Ugcino lwamandla lunokuphucula ukuguquguquka nokushukumiseka kobume benkqubo, kuvumeleke ukwabiwa kwexesha kunye nesithuba sothumelo kunye neendleko zokuhambisa.Ukusetyenziswa kogcino lwamandla kwicala legridi kubandakanya imiba emine: ugcino lwamandla kunye nophuculo olusebenzayo, utyalo-mali olulibazisekileyo, ukugcinwa kwenkxaso kaxakeka, kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wamandla.

Icala lomsebenzisi: ijolise ikakhulu kubasebenzisi.Ukusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lomsebenzisi kubandakanya ukucheba okuphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okugcina, ukuthutha okunengqondo, ukugcinwa kwamandla oluntu, ukuthembeka kokunikezelwa kwamandla, kunye nezinye iinkalo.Icala lomsebenzisi